PHP

You can use .htaccess file to select only numbers in URLs. The following example specifies that only numbers are valid in the URL: RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^([0-9]+)$ index.php?id=$1 [NC,L] In this example, the RewriteRule command is used to specify that only numbers are valid in place of any path in the URL. This path is then redirected to the index.php file and the numbers are used as the value for the id variable. The [NC, L] flags ensure that the match is case-insensitive and there is only one match.

You can redirect to a 404 error page by adding the following code in your .htaccess file: ErrorDocument 404 /404.html This code redirects the user to /404.html when a 404 error code is received.

You can use the PHPSpreadsheet library to create files in Excel format with PHP. The sample code is as follows: <?php require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); // Verileri dizi olarak tanımlayın $data = array( array("Ad" => "John", "Soyad" => "Doe", "Yaş" => 25), array("Ad" => "Jane", "Soyad" => "Doe", "Yaş" => 24), array("Ad" => "Bob", "Soyad" => "Smith", "Yaş" => 27), ); // Dizi verilerini hücrelere yazın $row = 1; foreach ($data as $item) { $col = 0; foreach ($item as $key => $value) { $sheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow($col, $row, $value); $col++; } $row++; } // Dosyayı oluşturun ve indirin $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="veriler.xlsx"'); header('Cache-Control: max-age=0'); $writer->save('php://output'); This code creates an array containing the data and writes the array data to the cells, then downloads the resulting file. You can get information about the phpSpreadsheet library here: PhpSpreadsheet

How to reach messages using PHP and Telegram Bot API? Telegram messaging application has been widely used lately, one of the reasons for this is bots that can be created to automate things in telegram. Telegram bots are suitable to be developed in the desired direction using software languages. Users manage telegram bots groups, They are used for hundreds of purposes such as selling products like an e-commerce platform, informing customers, answering questions by generating automatic answers, and performing crypto analysis. You may have a question mark in your mind: how to create a telegram bot and how to develop it with programming languages? How to create a Telegram bot? Find Telegram's official bot management bot by searching for BotFather in the Telegram search tab Click start talking to bot By running the /newbot command, you notify BotFather that you want to create a new bot, and you will receive this message in response (Alright, a new bot. How are we going to call it? Please choose a name for your bot.) You submit the name to represent your bot, you will receive it in the response (Good. Now let's choose a username for your bot. It must end in `bot`. Like this, for example: TetrisBot or tetris_bot.) Submit username ending with bot, if the username you submitted has not been used before, your bot will be created successfully. The message you receive as a response contains the HTTP API, you can do many things using it Create Telegram bot with PHP There are a few things we can do to send a message to any telegram user using a telegram bot with PHP. Creating a bot and owning a bot token as we explained above The user to whom we will send a message should start by logging into the bot (https://t.me/{your username}) We need to learn the chat_id number of the user to whom we will send the message. How to find Telegram chat id you can learn by reading our article You can send a message to a telegram user with a bot using the following PHP codes.   $botToken="YOUR_API_TOKEN"; $website="https://api.telegram.org/bot".$botToken; $chatId= receiver_chat_id; //Receiver Chat Id $params= [ 'chat_id'=>$chatId, 'text'=>$message, ]; $ch = curl_init($website . '/sendMessage'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, ($params)); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); $result = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); How get messages from the telegram with PHP and Telegram API? In order to manage the bot with PHP, it is necessary to create a Webhook. Next, you will prepare the link as in the example I gave below and open it in the browser, and you will introduce the webhook you created on your site to telegram. https://api.telegram.org/bot{YOUR_API_TOKEN}/setWebhook?url=https://yoursite.com/bot.php Then, by using the PHP codes I have given below, you can access various information about the user who wrote the message and send a message to the user in response. include 'helper/Telegram.php'; $token = "5664215883:AAH-OtJXA194Z7ubTiNaYdInGO9VmL9AlBk"; $telegram = new Telegram($token); $chat_id = $telegram->ChatID(); $msg = $telegram->Text(); $data = $telegram->getData(); $setData = $telegram->setData(); $ReplyToMessageID = $telegram->ReplyToMessageID(); //For more: https://github.com/xeayal/telegramApi/blob/main/Telegram.php $content = array('chat_id' => $chat_id, 'text' => 'Your chat_id: '.$chat_id); $telegram->sendMessage($content); Telegram.php

PostgreSQL, strong It is considered a database management system and PHP is a popular web programming language. The interaction of these two technologies with each other allows you to create advanced and secure web applications. A few things you can use in PHP to connect to a PostgreSQL database; There are ways, but the most common is to use PDO (PHP Data Objects) and PGOBJECT (PostgreSQL database interface). PDO: PDO is a database interface in PHP that allows you to connect to multiple database types. The following code block shows how you can connect to a PostgreSQL database using PDO: <?php $dsn = 'pgsql:host=localhost;dbname=db_name'; $username = 'db_user'; $password = 'db_password'; try { $db = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password); } catch (PDOException $e) { echo 'Connection error: '39; . $e->getMessage(); } ?> PGOBJECT: PGOBJECT was designed specifically for the PostgreSQL database and aims to better support the functions and features of the database. The following code block shows how you can connect to a PostgreSQL database using PGOBJECT: <?php $db = pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=db_name user=db_user password=db_password"); if (!$db) { echo "Connection error."; exit; } ?> Both these methods allow you to connect to a PostgreSQL database and read and write data in the database. However, PDO offers a higher level of security and the ability to connect to multiple database types, so your choice should be PDO.

PHP Namespace is a feature that is used to organize your code and prevent collisions. This feature has been available by default since PHP version 5.3. Namespace allows a class or function to be separated from another class or function in a package. Creating a namespace is done by using the namespace keyword. The namespace name consists of one or more name parts separated by a backslash (\). For example: <?php namespace MyProject; class MyClass { // ... } The example above creates a namespace called MyProject and defines a class called MyClass within this namespace. When you want to use a class within a namespace, you need to specify the namespace name. For example: $myObj = new MyProject\MyClass(); [[reklam]] In the example above, an object is created from the MyClass class within the MyProject namespace. The purpose of using a namespace is to better organize your project and prevent naming collisions between classes, functions, and other elements. For example, if different classes in different packages have the same name, namespaces can prevent naming collisions. Below is an example use case: <?php namespace MyProject; class MyClass { // ... } namespace AnotherProject; class MyClass { // ... } In the example above, a class named MyClass is defined within the MyProject namespace, and another class with the same name is defined within the AnotherProject namespace. This way, both classes can be used independently of each other. Namespaces help you organize and manage your PHP code better. They prevent naming collisions and make your project more sustainable.

Getting the last character of a string is pretty easy with PHP. You can use the substr() function in PHP to do this. The substr() function lets you cut a specific part of a string and return the rest. When the second parameter of this function is a negative integer, it takes the specified number of characters from the end of the array. The following is sample code for using the substr() function to get the last character of a string: $text = "This is sample text"; $last_character = substr($text, -1); echo "Last charcter: " . $last_character; This code is "This is sample text" defined in the $text variable. It uses the substr() function to get the last character of the string. The function takes the last character (-1) of the $text variable and assigns it to the $last_character variable. Finally, the last character in the $last_character variable is printed using the echo statement. Using another method, you can get the last character of any string (word, sentence). You can use the code sample below Aşağıda kod örneğini kullana bilirsiniz   $text = "This is sample text"; $last_character = $text[-1]; echo "Last charcter: " . $last_character;

php://input is a special stream type in PHP that provides access to the body of HTTP requests received by your PHP script. Particularly in POST, PUT, and DELETE requests, request data is carried in the HTTP body. The php://input stream allows you to read this body data directly. For instance, if you want to process a JSON body, you can use the php://input stream as follows: $json = file_get_contents('php://input'); $data = json_decode($json, true); // the true parameter ensures that the result is an array This code loads the JSON data in the HTTP request body into a variable, and then converts this data into an array that you can use in your PHP code. The php://input stream is commonly used in some PHP frameworks and custom API processing scenarios.

You have a telegram group where you gather your audience and you want to welcome message new members to the group, how can you do that? To do this you need to follow a few steps 1. Need to create a Telegram bot( We talked about this in our article: How to create a Telegram bot with PHP? ) 2. Adds our bot to the group we will use 3. PHP Telegram We create our bot with the following codes using the library <?php include 'Telegram.php'; $token = "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN"; $telegram = new Telegram($token); $data = $telegram->getData(); if(isset($data['message']['new_chat_member']['first_name'])){    $chat_id = $telegram->ChatID();    $newUser = $data['message']['new_chat_member']['first_name'];    $content = array('chat_id' => $chat_id, 'text' => $newUser.' welcome!');    $telegram->sendMessage($content); } You can add the above codes by creating a bot.php file on your server and https://api.telegram.org/botYOUR_BOT_TOKEN/setWebhook?url=https://www.example.com/bot.php this way you can identify your Webhook by opening it in a browser. Your bot will now automatically send a "Welcome" message to new users who will join your Telegram group.

How can we merge unique elements in two arrays with php? Arrays are an essential data structure in PHP, allowing you to store and manipulate multiple values in a single variable. Oftentimes, you may need to merge two or more arrays together while removing any duplicate values. In this article, we'll explore the concept of merging unique arrays in PHP using the array_merge and array_unique functions. The array_merge Function The array_merge function in PHP is used to merge two or more arrays into a single array. It takes multiple array arguments and returns a new array that contains all the elements from the input arrays. Here's the basic syntax: $result = array_merge($array1, $array2, ...); Let's consider an example. Suppose we have two arrays, $array1 and $array2, as follows: $array1 = array("apple", "banana", "orange"); $array2 = array("orange", "grape", "kiwi"); If we use the array_merge function to merge these two arrays, the resulting array will contain all the elements from both arrays: $result = array_merge($array1, $array2); print_r($result); Output: Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => orange [3] => orange [4] => grape [5] => kiwi ) As you can see, the resulting array contains duplicate values, which may not be desirable in some cases. To remove the duplicates and obtain a merged array with unique elements, we can utilize the array_unique function. The array_unique Function The array_unique function in PHP is used to remove duplicate values from an array. It takes an array as input and returns a new array with only the unique values. Here's the basic syntax: $result = array_unique($array);   Let's modify our previous example by applying the array_unique function to the merged array: $mergedArray = array_merge($array1, $array2); $uniqueArray = array_unique($mergedArray); print_r($uniqueArray); Output: Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => orange [4] => grape [5] => kiwi ) Now, the resulting array $uniqueArray contains only the unique elements from the merged arrays, and any duplicate values have been eliminated. Merging Unique Arrays in One Step To merge and obtain unique arrays in a single step, we can combine the array_merge and array_unique functions. Here's how it can be done: $result = array_unique(array_merge($array1, $array2)); print_r($result); Output: Array ( [0] => apple [1] => banana [2] => orange [4] => grape [5] => kiwi ) By nesting the array_merge function inside the array_unique function, we can efficiently merge multiple arrays while ensuring that only the unique elements are included in the final result. Conclusion Merging arrays while removing duplicates is a common task in PHP development. By using the array_merge function to combine arrays and the array_unique function to remove duplicate values, you can easily achieve the desired result.

PHP Merge Associative Arrays Associative arrays are a powerful data structure in PHP that allow you to store key-value pairs. In certain situations, you may need to merge two or more associative arrays together to create a single array. In this article, we'll explore how to merge associative arrays in PHP using different methods. Method 1: Using the array_merge() function The array_merge() function in PHP can be used to merge multiple arrays, including associative arrays. It combines the values of two or more arrays into a single array, appending the values of the second array to the first array. Here's an example that demonstrates how to merge two associative arrays using array_merge(): <?php $firstArray = array("name" => "John", "age" => 30); $secondArray = array("occupation" => "Developer", "country" => "USA"); $mergedArray = array_merge($firstArray, $secondArray); print_r($mergedArray); ?> The output of the above code will be: Array ( [name] => John [age] => 30 [occupation] => Developer [country] => USA ) Method 2: Using the "+" operator In addition to using array_merge(), you can also merge associative arrays using the "+" operator. This operator performs a union of the arrays, combining the unique elements from both arrays into a single array. Here's an example that demonstrates how to merge two associative arrays using the "+" operator: <?php $firstArray = array("name" => "John", "age" => 30); $secondArray = array("occupation" => "Developer", "country" => "USA"); $mergedArray = $firstArray + $secondArray; print_r($mergedArray); ?> The output of the above code will be the same as before: Array ( [name] => John [age] => 30 [occupation] => Developer [country] => USA ) Method 3: Using the array_replace() function The array_replace() function in PHP allows you to replace the values of the first array with the corresponding values from the following arrays. It merges the arrays by replacing values for matching keys. Here's an example that demonstrates how to merge two associative arrays using array_replace(): <?php $firstArray = array("name" => "John", "age" => 30); $secondArray = array("occupation" => "Developer", "country" => "USA"); $mergedArray = array_replace($firstArray, $secondArray); print_r($mergedArray); ?> The output of the above code will be the same as before: Array ( [name] => John [age] => 30 [occupation] => Developer [country] => USA ) These are three different methods you can use to merge associative arrays in PHP. Choose the one that best fits your needs based on the specific requirements of your project.

Oracle procedures provide a powerful way to encapsulate business logic within the database. If you're working with PHP and need to invoke an Oracle procedure, this guide will walk you through the process. We'll cover the necessary steps and provide an example code snippet to help you get started. [[reklam]] Step 1: Set up the Oracle Database Connection Before calling an Oracle procedure from PHP, ensure that you have a working database connection established. Use the appropriate credentials and connection details, such as the host, port, SID, username, and password, in your PHP code. Here's an example of establishing an Oracle database connection using the oci_connect function: <?php $connection = oci_connect('username', 'password', 'host:port/SID'); if (!$connection) { $error = oci_error(); echo "Connection failed: " . $error['message']; exit; } ?> [[reklam]] Step 2: Prepare the Oracle Procedure Call Once the database connection is established, you need to prepare the Oracle procedure call statement. This involves creating an OCI statement using the oci_parse function and binding any necessary input or output parameters. Here's an example: <?php $procedureCall = 'BEGIN my_procedure(:param1, :param2, :result); END;'; $statement = oci_parse($connection, $procedureCall); oci_bind_by_name($statement, ':param1', $param1); oci_bind_by_name($statement, ':param2', $param2); oci_bind_by_name($statement, ':result', $result, 100); // Assuming a VARCHAR2 output parameter ?> In the example above, :param1 and :param2 are input parameters, while :result is an output parameter. Adjust the parameter names and data types according to your specific procedure. [[reklam]] Step 3: Execute the Oracle Procedure Call After preparing the procedure call, you can execute it using the oci_execute function. This will invoke the Oracle procedure and perform any required processing. Here's the corresponding code: <?php if (oci_execute($statement)) { echo "Procedure executed successfully."; } else { $error = oci_error($statement); echo "Procedure execution failed: " . $error['message']; exit; } ?> In the code snippet above, we check the return value of oci_execute to determine if the procedure execution was successful. If an error occurs, the oci_error function is used to retrieve the error message. [[reklam]] Step 4: Process the Procedure Results Finally, you can process any results returned by the Oracle procedure. For example, if your procedure has an output parameter that retrieves a value, you can use it as needed. Here's an example of retrieving and displaying the result: <?php echo "Result: " . $result; ?> Adjust the result processing based on your procedure's output parameters and business logic requirements. [[reklam]] Full Example Code Here's the complete example code that demonstrates calling an Oracle procedure from PHP: <?php $connection = oci_connect('username', 'password', 'host:port/SID'); if (!$connection) { $error = oci_error(); echo "Connection failed: " . $error['message']; exit; } $procedureCall = 'BEGIN my_procedure(:param1, :param2, :result); END;'; $statement = oci_parse($connection, $procedureCall); oci_bind_by_name($statement, ':param1', $param1); oci_bind_by_name($statement, ':param2', $param2); oci_bind_by_name($statement, ':result', $result, 100); // Assuming a VARCHAR2 output parameter if (oci_execute($statement)) { echo "Procedure executed successfully."; } else { $error = oci_error($statement); echo "Procedure execution failed: " . $error['message']; exit; } echo "Result: " . $result; oci_free_statement($statement); oci_close($connection); ?> [[reklam]] Remember to adjust the code according to your specific database connection details, procedure signature, and business requirements. That's it! You now have a basic understanding of how to call an Oracle procedure from PHP. Feel free to explore and expand upon this example to suit your application's needs.

To resize an image using PHP, you can use the GD library, which is a built-in library for image manipulation in PHP. Here's an example code that demonstrates how to resize an image: <?php // Set the path to the source image $sourceImagePath = 'path/to/source/image.jpg'; // Set the path to the resized image $resizedImagePath = 'path/to/resized/image.jpg'; // Set the desired width and height for the resized image $desiredWidth = 800; $desiredHeight = 600; // Get the original image dimensions list($width, $height) = getimagesize($sourceImagePath); // Calculate the aspect ratio $aspectRatio = $width / $height; // Calculate the new dimensions while maintaining the aspect ratio if ($desiredWidth / $desiredHeight > $aspectRatio) {     $newWidth = $desiredHeight * $aspectRatio;     $newHeight = $desiredHeight; } else {     $newWidth = $desiredWidth;     $newHeight = $desiredWidth / $aspectRatio; } // Create a new image resource based on the source image $sourceImage = imagecreatefromjpeg($sourceImagePath); // Create a new blank image with the desired dimensions $resizedImage = imagecreatetruecolor($newWidth, $newHeight); // Resize the source image to the new dimensions imagecopyresampled($resizedImage, $sourceImage, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newWidth, $newHeight, $width, $height); // Save the resized image to the specified path imagejpeg($resizedImage, $resizedImagePath); // Free up memory by destroying the image resources imagedestroy($sourceImage); imagedestroy($resizedImage); echo "Image resized successfully!"; ?> Make sure you replace 'path/to/source/image.jpg' and 'path/to/resized/image.jpg' with the actual paths to your source image and the desired resized image respectively. Also, adjust the $desiredWidth and $desiredHeight variables to the dimensions you want for the resized image. This example assumes you are working with JPEG images. If you are working with a different image format, you'll need to use the appropriate functions (imagecreatefrompng(), imagepng(), etc.) for that format.

To get the width and height of an image using PHP, you can make use of the getimagesize() function. Here's an example: <?php $imagePath = 'path_to_your_image.jpg'; // Replace with the actual path to your image file // Get the image size information $imageSize = getimagesize($imagePath); if ($imageSize !== false) {     $width = $imageSize[0];  // Image width     $height = $imageSize[1]; // Image height     echo "Width: $width pixels<br>";     echo "Height: $height pixels"; } else {     echo "Failed to get image size."; } ?> In this code snippet, replace 'path_to_your_image.jpg' with the actual path to your image file. The getimagesize() function returns an array containing the width and height of the image in pixels, along with other information such as the image type and MIME type. The width is accessed using index 0, and the height is accessed using index 1 in the returned array. Make sure you have the GD library enabled in your PHP configuration, as getimagesize() relies on it to function correctly.

Starting from PHP 7.0, PHP introduced support for return types in functions. Return types are used to specify the type of value that a function will return. They enhance code readability and allow the compiler to perform type checking. To specify the return type of a function, you can use the : type expression in the function declaration. Here are a few examples: function addNumbers(int $a, int $b): int {     return $a + $b; } In the above example, the addNumbers function indicates that it will return a value of type int. If the function tries to return a value that is not of the specified type, an error will occur. Here are some examples of return types you can use: int: Integer value float: Floating-point number value string: String value bool: Boolean value (true or false) array: Array value void: Used for functions that do not return any value PHP also supports the use of the ? symbol for return types. For example, the ?string expression indicates that a function can return either a string value or null. Starting from PHP 8.0, keywords such as class, interface, static, and self can also be used for more complex return types. Return types are beneficial, especially in large projects, as they improve code readability and facilitate debugging. However, return types are not mandatory and should be gradually added to existing codebases to maintain backward compatibility.

In some cases, array indexes are mixed lowercase and uppercase. In such cases, it may be possible to bring the array indexes to the same format. You can use the following functions to solve this problem. To change Array index upperCase function arrayKeyToUpperCase($array = []){   $result = [];   foreach($array as $k => $v) {       if(is_array($v)) {           $result[strtoupper($k)] = arrayKeyToUpperCase($v);       }else{           $result[strtoupper($k)] = $v;       }   }   return $result; } To change Array index lowerCase function arrayKeysToLowerCase($array = []){   $result = [];   foreach($array as $k => $v) {       if(is_array($v)) {           $result[strtolower($k)] = arrayKeysToLowerCase($v);       }else{           $result[strtolower($k)] = $v;       }   }   return $result; }

The "interface" in PHP is an object-oriented programming (OOP) construct. An interface defines methods and properties with which a class will implement a certain behavior. A class can implement more than one interface, thus providing multiple inheritance. The purpose of an interface is to enable one or more classes to implement a certain behavior. Interfaces are used to provide abstraction and compatibility in application design. Interfaces define how a class should behave, but are not concerned with how that behavior is performed. Thus, an interface can contain signatures of methods and constants used to define common properties between classes. We use the keyword "interface" to define an interface in PHP. Interfaces allow classes to implement the interface with the keyword "implements". When a class implements an interface, it must implement all the methods defined in the interface. To use a property defined in the interface, the class must define that property. PHP interface example: interface Adding {     public function add($data); } class Database implements Adding {     public function add($data) {         // add data to database     } } class File implements Adding {     public function add($data) {         // Data add to file     } } In the above example, we defined an interface named "Addable" and it has a method named "add". The "Database" and "File" classes are classes that implement the "Plugable" interface and must implement the "add" method. In this way, both classes can be used to add data in a different way. Interfaces make the code more flexible because a class can implement more than one interface and that way it can be used for different purposes. Also, interfaces create a contract between classes and provide better code organization and maintenance.

The response values of some APIs are in XML format or we are faced with processing data such as product lists. So how can we convert XML (SimpleXMLElement) format to Array format with PHP? You can convert the value you get with SimpleXMLElement to normal Array format by using the php function below. function xmlToArray(SimpleXMLElement $xml): array {     $parser = function (SimpleXMLElement $xml, array $collection = []) use (&$parser) {     $nodes = $xml->children();     $attributes = $xml->attributes();     if (0 !== count($attributes)) {         foreach ($attributes as $attrName => $attrValue) {             $collection['attributes'][$attrName] = strval($attrValue);         }     }     if (0 === $nodes->count()) {         $collection['value'] = strval($xml);         return $collection;     }     foreach ($nodes as $nodeName => $nodeValue) {         if (count($nodeValue->xpath('../' . $nodeName)) < 2) {             $collection[$nodeName] = $parser($nodeValue);             continue;         }         $collection[$nodeName][] = $parser($nodeValue);     }     return $collection; }; return [ $xml->getName() => $parser($xml)]; }